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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Anglo-Inder</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><p><b>Anglo-Inder</b> (<a href="Englische_Sprache" title="Englische Sprache">englisch</a> <i>Anglo-Indians</i>) sind Menschen, die britisch-indischer Herkunft sind, sowie deren Nachkommen.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artikel 366 der <a href="Verfassung_Indiens" title="Verfassung Indiens">Verfassung Indiens</a> definiert den Begriff wie folgt: <i>“an Anglo-Indian” means a person whose father or any of whose other male progenitors in the male line is or was of European descent but who is domiciled within the territory of India and is or was born within such territory of parents habitually resident therein and not established there for temporary purposes only</i>.
</p><p><i>Article 366 (2)</i> der indischen Verfassung schützt damit die Nachkommen der (männlichen) Europäer in Indien<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> und bezieht dabei ausdrücklich als Europäer auch die ehemaligen <a href="Portugiesische_Kolonialgeschichte" title="Portugiesische Kolonialgeschichte">portugiesischen Kolonisten</a> von <a href="Koromandelk%C3%BCste" title="Koromandelküste">Coromandel</a> und <a href="Malabar" title="Malabar">Malabar</a> mit ein, die sich bei der Ostindienkompanie beteiligten.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Vom 18. bis Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts heirateten britische Soldaten und Angestellte der <a href="Britische_Ostindien-Kompanie" title="Britische Ostindien-Kompanie">Ostindienkompanie</a> gelegentlich indische Frauen. Die gemeinsamen Kinder und die so etablierten Gemeinden wurden damals Eurasier genannt.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fisher-2007_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fisher-2007-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Die Ostindienkompagnie bot hierfür auch finanzielle Anreize.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Erst mit dem stärkeren Nachwandern von britischen und kontinentaleuropäischen Frauen und nach dem <a href="Indischer_Aufstand_von_1857" title="Indischer Aufstand von 1857">Sepoyaufstand</a> wurden die Anglo-Inder von Briten wie Indern stärker separiert und gemieden. Die bereits etablierte, christlich orientierte anglo-indische Gemeinde blieb zunehmend unter sich und war über ganz Indien vernetzt. Sie erlangte so auch wichtige Positionen im Bereich der Telegraphie und der Eisenbahnverwaltung.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Viele verließen Indien nach 1947, dem Jahr der <a href="Unabh%C3%A4ngigkeitserkl%C3%A4rung" title="Unabhängigkeitserklärung">Unabhängigkeitserklärung</a> Indiens.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bis Januar 2020 waren die Anglo-Inder in der <a href="Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>, dem indischen <a href="Unterhaus" title="Unterhaus">Unterhaus</a> durch zwei Abgeordnete vertreten, die direkt vom Staatspräsidenten ernannt wurden.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a> hatte dies Frank Anthony zugesichert. In Staaten wie <a href="Andhra_Pradesh" title="Andhra Pradesh">Andhra Pradesh</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Telangana" title="Telangana">Telangana</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Tamil_Nadu" title="Tamil Nadu">Tamil Nadu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="Bihar" title="Bihar">Bihar</a>, <a href="Uttarakhand" title="Uttarakhand">Uttarakhand</a>, <a href="Jharkhand" title="Jharkhand">Jharkhand</a>, <a href="Westbengalen" title="Westbengalen">Westbengalen</a>, <a href="Karnataka" title="Karnataka">Karnataka</a> und <a href="Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a> waren die Anglo-Inder mit jeweils einem vom Gouverneur ernannten Abgeordneten in den regionalen Parlamenten vertreten.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die in Artikel 334 der indischen Verfassung vorgesehene Reservierung von Parlamentssitzen für die Gemeinschaft der Anglo-Inder in der Lok Sabha und einigen Parlamenten der Bundesstaaten wurde mit dem am 25. Januar 2020 in Kraft getretenen 104. Verfassungszusatz aufgehoben.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vertreter der anglo-indischen Minderheit hatten vergeblich gegen die Aufhebung der für sie reservierten Parlamentssitze protestiert. Die Gegenseite argumentierte, dass die Sitzreservierung von Anfang an nur als Übergangsbestimmung gedacht gewesen sei. Die Sonderrergelung war ursprünglich für 10 Jahre nach Inkrafttreten der indischen Verfassung, d. h. bis zum 26. Januar 1960 befristet, wurde in der folgenden Zeit aber durch den 8., 23., 45., 62., 79. und 95. Verfassungszusatz in den Jahren 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 und 2010 um jeweils 10 Jahre verlängert, bis sie dann 2020 endgültig auslief.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>Frank Anthony: <i>Britain’s Betrayal in India: The Story Of The Anglo Indian Community</i>, Simon Wallenberg Press 1969.</li>
<li>Pat Chapman: <i>Taste of the Raj</i>, Hodder &amp; Stoughton 1997.</li>
<li>Dorothy S. Dady: <i>Scattered Seeds: The Diaspora of the Anglo-Indians</i>, Pagoda Press 2012.</li>
<li>A. Gabb: <i>1600–1947 Anglo-Indian Legacy</i>.</li>
<li>C. Hawes: <i>Poor Relations: The Making of a Eurasian Community</i>.</li>
<li>G. J. Moore: <i>The Anglo Indian Vision</i>.</li>
<li>H. A. Stark: <i>Hostages To India: Or The Life Story of the Anglo Indian Race</i>, Simon Wallenberg Press.</li>
<li>Reginald Maher: <i>These Are The Anglo-Indians – An Anglo-Indian Heritage Book</i>, Simon Wallenberg Press</li>
<li>Z. Phillips: <i>The Anglo-Indian Australian Story: My Experience. A collection of Anglo-Indian Migration Heritage Stories</i>.</li>
<li>Bridget White-Kumar: „The best of Anglo-Indian Cuisine – A Legacy“, „Flavours of the Past“, „Anglo-Indian Delicacies“, „The Anglo-Indian festive Hamper“, „A Collection of Anglo-Indian Roasts, Casseroles and Bakes“</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Oxford English Dictionary</i> 2nd Edition (1989)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Anglo-Indian">Anglo-Indian</a>, dictionary.com.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/tbs/doc.nsf/0/a035833a480e4514802565530037bf7e?OpenDocument"><i>Treaty Bodies Database – Document – State Party Report</i></a> United Nations Human Rights Website, 29. April 1996.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Stark, op. cit.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dover, Cedric. <i>Cimmerii or Eurasians and Their Future: An Anglo Indian Heritage Book</i>. London: Simon Wallenberg Press, 2007. S. 62–63</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Herbert Fisher: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Counterflows to Colonialism: Indian Traveller and Settler in Britain 1600–1857</cite>. Orient Blackswan, 2006, ISBN 81-7824-154-4, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>111–9,&nbsp;129–30,&nbsp;140,&nbsp;154–6,&nbsp;160–8</span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anglo-Inder&amp;rft.au=Michael+Herbert+Fisher&amp;rft.btitle=Counterflows+to+Colonialism%3A+Indian+Traveller+and+Settler+in+Britain+1600-1857&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=8178241544&amp;rft.pages=111-9%2C+129-30%2C+140%2C+154-6%2C+160-8&amp;rft.pub=Orient+Blackswan" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Fisher-2007-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fisher-2007_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael H. Fisher: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Excluding and Including „Natives of India“: Early-Nineteenth-Century British-Indian Race Relations in Britain</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>27</span>, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>2</span>, 2007, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em">&nbsp;</span>303–314&nbsp;[304–5]</span> (englisch).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Anglo-Inder&amp;rft.atitle=Excluding+and+Including+%E2%80%9ENatives+of+India%E2%80%9C%3A+Early-Nineteenth-Century+British-Indian+Race+Relations+in+Britain&amp;rft.au=Michael+H.+Fisher&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=journal&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Comparative+Studies+of+South+Asia%2C+Africa+and+the+Middle+East&amp;rft.pages=303-314+%5B304-5%5D&amp;rft.volume=27" style="display:none">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20857969"><i>Anglo-Indians: Is their culture dying out?</i></a> In: <i><a href="British_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">bbc.co.uk</a>.</i> 28.&nbsp;Dezember 2012,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 4.&nbsp;Februar 2024</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAnglo-Inder&amp;rft.title=Anglo-Indians%3A+Is+their+culture+dying+out%3F&amp;rft.description=Anglo-Indians%3A+Is+their+culture+dying+out%3F&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-20857969&amp;rft.date=2012-12-28&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-autogenerated3-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated3_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">James Reginald Maher (2007). These are the Anglo Indians. London: Simon Wallenberg Press. (An Anglo Indian Heritage Book)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Frank Anthony, Britain’s Betrayal in India: The Story of the Anglo Indian Community. Second Edition. London: The Simon Wallenberg Press, 2007, 144–146, 92.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mit dem 104. Verfassungszusatz wurde diese Regelung abgeschafft.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212031721/http://www.aponline.gov.in/apportal/HomePageLinks/legislative_assembly.html"><i>Legislative Assembly.</i></a> APonline.gov.in, archiviert vom <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r250917974">
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</li>
<li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/angloindian-nominee-in-tassembly-to-be-a-new-face/article6138046.ece"><i>Anglo-Indian nominee in T-Assembly to be a new face.</i></a> The Hindu, 22.&nbsp;Juni 2014,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 14.&nbsp;März 2017</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAnglo-Inder&amp;rft.title=Anglo-Indian+nominee+in+T-Assembly+to+be+a+new+face&amp;rft.description=Anglo-Indian+nominee+in+T-Assembly+to+be+a+new+face&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-andhrapradesh%2Fangloindian-nominee-in-tassembly-to-be-a-new-face%2Farticle6138046.ece&amp;rft.publisher=The+Hindu&amp;rft.date=2014-06-22&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-tamilnadu/anglo-indian-member-nominated/article8669906.ece"><i>Anglo Indian member nominated.</i></a> The Hindu, 31.&nbsp;Mai 2016,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 14.&nbsp;März 2017</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAnglo-Inder&amp;rft.title=Anglo+Indian+member+nominated&amp;rft.description=Anglo+Indian+member+nominated&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Ftodays-paper%2Ftp-national%2Ftp-tamilnadu%2Fanglo-indian-member-nominated%2Farticle8669906.ece&amp;rft.publisher=The+Hindu&amp;rft.date=2016-05-31&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">S. Rajendran: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/karnataka/congress-shortlisting-angloindians-for-assembly-nomination/article5138739.ece"><i>Congress short-listing Anglo-Indians for Assembly nomination.</i></a> The Hindu, 18.&nbsp;September 2013,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 14.&nbsp;März 2017</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAnglo-Inder&amp;rft.title=Congress+short-listing+Anglo-Indians+for+Assembly+nomination&amp;rft.description=Congress+short-listing+Anglo-Indians+for+Assembly+nomination&amp;rft.identifier=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fkarnataka%2Fcongress-shortlisting-angloindians-for-assembly-nomination%2Farticle5138739.ece&amp;rft.creator=S.+Rajendran&amp;rft.publisher=The+Hindu&amp;rft.date=2013-09-18&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.india.gov.in/my-government/constitution-india/amendments/constitution-one-hundred-and-fourth-amendment-act-2019"><i>The Constitution (One Hundred and Fourth Amendment) Act, 2019.</i></a> india.gov.in (Regierungsportal),<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 29.&nbsp;Juni 2025</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAnglo-Inder&amp;rft.title=The+Constitution+%28One+Hundred+and+Fourth+Amendment%29+Act%2C+2019&amp;rft.description=The+Constitution+%28One+Hundred+and+Fourth+Amendment%29+Act%2C+2019&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.india.gov.in%2Fmy-government%2Fconstitution-india%2Famendments%2Fconstitution-one-hundred-and-fourth-amendment-act-2019&amp;rft.publisher=india.gov.in+%28Regierungsportal%29&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiankanoon.org/doc/1649954/"><i>Article 334 in Constitution of India: 334. Reservation of seats and special representation to cease aftercertain period.</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://indiankanoon.org">https://indiankanoon.org</a>,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 29.&nbsp;Juni 2025</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AAnglo-Inder&amp;rft.title=Article+334+in+Constitution+of+India%3A+334.+Reservation+of+seats+and+special+representation+to+cease+aftercertain+period&amp;rft.description=Article+334+in+Constitution+of+India%3A+334.+Reservation+of+seats+and+special+representation+to+cease+aftercertain+period&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Findiankanoon.org%2Fdoc%2F1649954%2F&amp;rft.publisher=https%3A%2F%2Findiankanoon.org&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
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